行人过街手动交通灯控制模块的设计(新)

摘  要
本设计主要是为了针对随着社会发展所出现的道路超负荷承载的情况，设计一个新型的交通控制系统。随着人们的消费水平不断的提高，私人车辆不断的增加。人多、车多道路少的道路交通状况已经很明显了。车辆的增加反映出了国家的整体进步，但是也给人民带来了其他的一些负面的影响。我国是13亿多人口的大国，到2006年，全国的机动车保有量超过了8000万，而全国公路通车总里程只有14.8万公里。静态比例为：人均车辆越0.5辆，而人均道路只有0.00011公里；每辆车均道路占有量约为0.002公里；且其中90%的道路属于机动车与非机动车和行人混杂。今后几年机动车辆数字还在急剧增加，道路超负荷承载，致使交通事故逐年增加。因此我们需要开发新型的交通控制系统。
本设计是用AT89C51单片机设计的一个交通灯控制系统，控制行人过街（A、B道交叉口）的交通路况。其基本功能包括：A道是人行道和B道是行车道，当A道有行人通过时由行人按键（实验时用开关K0、K1控制）控制，其中A道有行人按键的时候，在过15秒后灯的显示开始变化，变成绿灯后行人可以通过，给行人过路的时间设为30秒，B道的交通灯是随着A道的交通灯的变化而变化的；当没有人要过路的时候，B道（行车道）的显示一直是绿灯。交通灯控制系统能方便了行人想要过街的时候可以随时过去；综合应用单片机原理、微机原理、微机接口技术、单片机仿真系统的使用、汇编语言的编程等课程方面的知识，采用自下而上的模块化程序设计方法。该交通信号灯控制系统能够进行正常的交通模拟，能够在特殊交通运行情况下使人顺利通行。

关键词：单片机；交通灯控制；LED显示；硬件设计；软件设计

Street pedestrian traffic lights manually control module design
Abstract
The design is to address social development as the road carrying an overload of cases, the design of a new traffic control system. With the people's level of consumption continued increase in private vehicles continue to increase. More people, fewer cars and more road traffic situation is already very apparent. Vehicles reflect the increase in the country's overall progress, but also to the people has brought a number of other negative effects. China is over 1.3 billion population in the country, to 2006, the volume of motor vehicles retain more than 80 million, while the total mileage of highways open to traffic only 148,000 km. Static ratio: the 0.5 vehicles per capita, per capita road only 0.00011 km; road vehicle are occupied about 0.002 km, of which 90 per cent of the roads and motor vehicles belonging to non-hybrid vehicles and pedestrians. The next few years, the number of motor vehicles also increased dramatically, carrying overloaded road, causing traffic accidents increased year by year. Therefore, we need to develop new traffic control system.
The AT89C51 is designed with a microcontroller design control system of traffic lights, pedestrian street (A, B Road junction) road traffic. The basic features include: A Road and B Road sidewalk is a lane, when the A Road pedestrian passage by pedestrians keys (experiments with switch K0, K1 control) control, A Road pedestrian buttons, in a 15 Seconds after the lights change the show began, after a green light for pedestrians through to the pedestrian crossing time as 30 seconds, B Road traffic lights, as the A Road to the changes in traffic lights change. When no one should be crossing the road when, B Road (lane) display has been a green light. Traffic light control system to facilitate the pedestrian street at any time when the past; comprehensive application of principles of SCM, computer theories, computer interface technology, the use of SCM simulation system, assembly language programming courses, such as the knowledge , A bottom-up process of modular design. The traffic signal control system to carry out normal traffic simulation, in special circumstances make traffic run smooth passage.

Key Words： SCM; traffic light control; LED display; hardware design; software design

目    录  17000字
摘  要 I
1  概述 1
1.1  研究背景 1
1.2  设计的实际目的与意义 2
1.2.1  设计的目的 2
1.2.2  设计的意义 3
1.3  行人过街设施 3
1.3.1  跑道灯 4
1.3.2  倒计时灯 4
1.3.3  雷达探测器 4
1.3.4  电子眼 4
2  单片机简介 5
2.1  单片机发展的三大阶段 5
2.2  单片机的发展趋势 6
2.3  单片机的应用 7
2.3.1  单片机在智能仪器表中在应用 7
2.4  本设计中所用单片机AT89C51 8
2.4.1  AT89C51的主要特性 9
2.4.2  AT89C51引脚排列及功能 9
2.4.3  AT89C51最小系统电路 11
3  电路原理及硬件电路实现 12
3.1  系统总体方案 12
3.2  硬件设计 12
3.2.1  主电路模块简介 13
3.2.2  AT89C51 电路各功能模块的设计 15
3.3  硬件系统功能原理 16
4  软件系统设计 18
4.1  设计中所用到的编程语言 18
4.1.1  Keil C51 简介 18
4.1.2  汇编语言简介 20
4.1.3  Keil C51与汇编语言的接口 21
(毕业设计)
4.2  主要程序与流程 22
4.3  各主要部分的软件设计 23
4.4 Proteus软件仿真 25
结  论 28
参 考 文 献 29
附录A  源程序代码 30
附录B  系统原理图 33
致　谢 36